Search results for Distributed Systems

Clock Synchronization and Ordering Events in Distributed Systems: Lamport Clocks vs. Vector Clocks

Building distributed systems teaches you many lessons, but few are as counterintuitive as this: the clock on your machine is lying to you. The assumption that you can look at two e...

Designing Agentic Systems Like Distributed Systems

Agentic development is rapidly becoming one of the most talked-about paradigms in software development. The talk is not just of using AI to assist in coding but of using systems wh...

When One Giant Payload Must Serve Many Small Consumers: Designing a Scalable Fanout Service

In distributed systems, size is rarely just a number. A producer may generate a rich, hierarchical product object containing items, SKUs, GTINs, variants, attributes, and region-sp...

Advanced Middleware Architecture For Secure, Auditable, and Reliable Data Exchange Across Systems

The increasing need for a system to exchange secure, auditable and reliable data among heterogeneous systems necessitates middleware that incorporates performance, security and tra...

Ensuring Data Consistency in Distributed Systems With the Transactional Outbox Pattern

In modern distributed systems, it is common to face the "dual-write" problem. This occurs when a service needs to perform two actions simultaneously: mutate state in a database and...

The Fundamental Tension Between Consistency and Availability Is Not a Technical Problem. It’s a Business Decision Most E...

CAP theorem gets taught as a distributed systems concept. What’s completely missing is the organisational dimension: engineers are making these tradeoffs silently, without product...

How Retry Storms Crash API-Led Systems: Bounded Reliability Patterns for Distributed Architectures

Modern API-led architectures are built for resilience. We add:

Why Modern ML Systems Are Failing in the Cloud (And What Needs to Change)

Modern ML systems are powerful but fragile.Continue reading on Medium »

Implementing Observability in Distributed Systems Using OpenTelemetry

Modern distributed systems demand observability, the ability to understand internal states from external outputs. Observability is achieved by collecting traces, logs, and metrics...

Apache Seata: Distributed Transaction Management Tutorial

In modern microservices systems, ensuring data consistency across multiple independently deployed services requires a structured approach to distributed transaction management. Let...

рџ¦ѕ How AWS Secretly Breaks the Laws of Software Physics (And You Can Too)

📍 The Paradox Refresher In Article 1, we learned that every architecture is built on a necessary lie – a hidden trade‑off between competing goals like robustness vs. agility, sc...

Consistent Hashing: The Algorithm That Makes Distributed Caches and Databases Actually Scale

Theory, variants, and where it breaks — from the 1997 Karger et al. paper to virtual nodes in DynamoDB, Cassandra, and Redis Cluster. 1. Why Modular Hashing Fails at Scale Before c...

Bucket4j + Infinispan: A Deep Dive Into Implementation

In distributed systems, the biggest challenge for rate limiting is state. How do you ensure that two parallel requests hitting different cluster nodes don't "double-spend" the same...

Designing Systems That Don’t Break When It Matters Most

Some outages are straightforward. A region fails. A bad deploy slips through. A dependency goes dark. The fault gets traced, fixed, and the system moves on. The failures that do th...

When Kubernetes Breaks Session Consistency: Using Cosmos DB and Redis Together

Distributed systems rarely struggle because of storage engines. They struggle because of coordination. We were operating a high-throughput microservice on Kubernetes backed by Azur...

CRDTs: The Data Structure That Makes Distributed Consistency Optional and What It Costs

Conflict-free Replicated Data Types let replicas diverge freely and still guarantee eventual convergence. Here is the math behind why that works, a tour of the most useful types, a...

From APIs to Event-Driven Systems: Modern Java Backend Design

The outage happened during our biggest sales event of the year. Our order processing system ground to a halt. Customers could add items to their carts, but checkout failed repeated...

Beyond CAP: Why the PACELC Model Is a Better Framework for Database Decisions in 2026

CAP is one of the most cited and most misunderstood results in distributed systems. Daniel Abadi’s PACELC model extends it by revealing the tradeoff that CAP completely ignores: ev...

AI SRE for Complex Systems

Durable Execution: What Temporal and Conductor Are Solving That Queues Can’t

Message queues have served us well for two decades. But as distributed systems grow more complex — and as AI agents start running for hours or even days — developers are discoverin...

I Solved 100+ System Design Problems: Here Are My Top 20 Recommendations for Interviews

Hello guys, if you’re preparing for system design interviews, one thing is clear: brushing up on basic concepts won’t cut it anymore.While its important to know System Basics like...

Master-Class: Understanding Database Replication (Single, Multi, and Leaderless)

Replication = same data, multiple nodes. You do it for three reasons: to survive node failures, serve reads from nearby replicas, or spread load. Simple enough. The algorithm you p...

How We Built a Real-Time AI Proctoring System — and Watched It Collapse at Five Users

A deep engineering post-mortem on scaling a WebRTC-based AI proctoring platform from a fragile single-server prototype to a distributed…Continue reading on Medium »

Helping data centers deliver higher performance with less hardware

To improve data center efficiency, multiple storage devices are often pooled together over a network so many applications can share them. But even with pooling, significant device...